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Nino Doghonadze provided great assistance in the research. The views and interpretations of this document are solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Inter-American Development Bank, its Executive Directors, its member countries or the National Bureau of Economic Research. Other usual disclaimers also apply. 20. Fagiolo G, Squartini T, Garlaschelli D. Zero models of economic networks: the case of the world trade network. J Econ Int Contact details. (2013) 8:75–107. doi: 10.1007/s11403-012-0104-7 6th Anderson JE, Yotov YV. Terms of trade and the effects of free trade agreements on global efficiency, 19902002. J Int Econ.
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Our estimation equation is based on a model and shows that these fixed costs depend on the usage history of preferences. Most of the effects come from experience with the same product and partner, with spillover effects on other partners buying the same product. Little can be learned from experience with other products and partners. Given the products that have been preferred for a period of time, some information may have taken place before the launch of our data. Using a natural experiment in Argentina, where some products have been newly placed under preferences, we show that the learning for such products is actually greater. Since facilitating the use of preferences today also facilitates the use of preferences in the future, early interventions under the FTA would be more effective in reducing these costs. In addition to the discussion papers, the NBER disseminates the latest findings from the partners through a series of free journals – the NBER Reporter, the NBER Digest, the Bulletin on Retirement and Disability and the Bulletin on Health – as well as online conference proceedings, videoconferences and interviews. 19.
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