SALT I is the common name for the Agreement on Strategic Arms Limitation Talks signed on 26 May 1972. SALT I froze the number of strategic launchers at the existing level and only planned the addition of new submarine launchers (SLBMs) after the dismantling of the same number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and older SLBM launchers. [2] SALT I also limited land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles that were within range of the northeastern border of the continental United States to the northwestern border of the continental USSR. [3] In addition, SALT I limited to 50 the number of SLBM-enabled submarines that NATO and the United States could operate with up to 800 SLBM launchers. If the United States or NATO increased this number, the USSR could respond by increasing its arsenal by the same amount. Negotiations on a Second Salt Round began at the end of 1972. Since SALT I did not prevent each party from increasing its strengths through the use of multiple and independent targeted re-entry vehicles (MIRVs) on their ICBMs and SLBMs, SALT II initially focused on limiting and possibly reducing the number of MIRVs. The negotiations were also aimed at preventing both sides from achieving qualitative breakthroughs that would further destabilize the strategic relationship. The negotiations focused on the Nixon administrations, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter. Both agreements were accompanied by a series of “agreed statements” adopted and initialled by the heads of delegation. When the two agreements were submitted to the US Congress, they were also accompanied by joint agreements and unilateral statements made during the negotiations. These should clarify certain provisions of the agreements or parts of the negotiating protocol. The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two series of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union, the superpowers of the Cold War, on the issue of arms control.
The two rounds of talks and agreements were SALT I and SALT II. The Parties have undertaken to engage in active negotiations immediately after the entry into force of this Treaty with a view to reaching agreement as soon as possible on further measures to limit and reduce strategic weapons (Article XIV); The Treaty provided for recourse to the Standing Advisory Commission (CCA) set up by the Agreement between the Contracting Parties of 21 December 1972, which was entrusted with several tasks in order to promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of the Treaty. However, a broad coalition of conservative Republicans and Democrats became increasingly skeptical of the Soviet Union`s crackdown on internal dissidents, its increasingly interventionist foreign policy, and the verification process outlined in the treaty. On December 17, 1979, 19 Carter Senators wrote that “the ratification of a SALT II Treaty will not reverse the trends of military balance that are detrimental to the United States.” On December 25, the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, and on January 3, 1980, Carter asked the Senate not to consider SALT II for its advice and approval, and it was never ratified. Washington and Moscow subsequently pledged to abide by the terms of the agreement despite its non-entry into force. Carter`s successor, Ronald Reagan, a vocal critic of SALT II during the 1980 presidential campaign, agreed to join SALT II until its expiration on December 31, 1985, while pursuing the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), arguing that research on the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was consistent with the 1972 ABM Treaty. The parties also signed a protocol to the treaty in which they agreed on additional restrictions. Parties have undertaken not to deploy ICBM mobile launchers or to test ICBMs for such launchers; not to deploy cruise missiles with a range of more than 600 km on launchers at sea or on land-based launchers; no flight tests of cruise missiles with a range of more than 600 km equipped with multiple targeted warheads independently of launchers based at sea or land; and not to test or use ASBMs. The Protocol has also been supplemented by agreed declarations and joint agreements in which its specific provisions have been elaborated or specific terms have been defined. Johnson`s successor, Richard Nixon, also believed in SALT, and on November 17, 1969, formal SALT talks began in Helsinki, Finland. Over the next two and a half years, the two sides negotiated over whether or not each nation should finalize its plans for the MBAs; review of a contract; and the United States` concern that the Soviets continue to build more submarine ballistic missiles (SLBMs). Nixon and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev signed the ABM Treaty and the SALT Provisional Agreement in Moscow on May 26, 1972.
As its title suggests, “the Interim Agreement between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures to Limit Offensive Weapons” was limited in duration and scope. It is expected to remain in force for five years. (See the previous section on SALT.) The two countries have pledged to continue negotiations for a more comprehensive agreement as soon as possible and the scope and terms of a new agreement should not be affected by the provisions of the 1972 agreement. The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I), first proposed by President Ronald Reagan in the early 1980s and finally signed into law in July 1991, committed the United States and the Soviet Union to reduce their deployed strategic arsenals to 1,600 delivery vehicles carrying no more than 6,000 warheads. as provided for in the rules of the agreement. The agreement provided for the destruction of surplus delivery vehicles that were inspected using an intrusive inspection system that included on-site inspections, regular exchange of information (including telemetry) and the use of national technical means (i.e. satellites). The entry into force of the agreement was delayed for several years due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting efforts to denuclearize Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus by returning their nuclear weapons to Russia and making them parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the START I agreements.
The START-I reductions were completed in December 2001 and the contract expired on 5 December 2001. December 2009. START II Over the past five decades, U.S. and Soviet-Russian leaders have used a number of bilateral agreements and other measures to limit and reduce their large nuclear warheads and strategic arsenals of missiles and bombers. Below is a brief summary. .
